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The Second Sino–Japanese War Was Caused by China — A Criticism of the “Japan-as-Aggressor” View —

By Moteki Hiromichi,

Abstract

The Second Sino–Japanese War Was Caused by China
— A Criticism of the ―Japan-as-Aggressor‖ View —
(Abstract)
It is generally believed that Japan was an aggressor nation against China for the Second Sino–Japanese War. This is a view not founded on the historical events, however. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the opening event of the conflict, was orchestrated by China; and the Shanghai Incident, which was the beginning of the full-scale war, was unilaterally initiated by China. The facts introduced in this article explain how the conflict was initiated and escalated.

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